Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage. Worldsystems theory, dependency theory and global inequality. Beyond latin america chapter iii a theory of underdevelopment in sociology. So division of social science, hong kong university of science and technology, clear water bay, hong kong keywords. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were held back by certain cultural characteristics, or their lack of adherence to. Currently, modernization and dependency theories are the two worldwide accepted speculations illuminating the diversification in the economic growth of these countries. While the explanations of underdevelopment differed, experts such as brooks and hallward viewed the natural disaster in haiti to be so destructive mainly due to its poverty. There are two levels of analysis in classical modernization theory.
Essay on dependency theory vs modernization theory 8. Media dependency theory is one of the theories, first of its kind which regards audience as an active part in communication process. According to this theory, there is an internal link between media, audience and large social system. The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. To put it more precisely, the modernization theory holds the premise that countries have different level of development but less developed countries can improve their position through modernization. Theories of modernization and dependency ppt xpowerpoint.
I highlighted what i think are key points modernization theory is used to explain the p. The earliest formulation of dependency theory came up alongside modernisation theory. Dependency theory today 72 miguel angel centeno 10. But in broad outline, the theory focused on deficiencies. Dependency theory originates with two papers published in 1949 one by hans singer, one by raul prebisch in which the authors observe that the terms of trade for underdeveloped countries relative to the developed countries had deteriorated over time. Modernization theory maintains that there is a traditional element of society that prevents development, and that a relationship to the developed world is necessary for development. The following report will attempt to analyze and critique our nations potential options concerning social and fiscal policy and use this information in an attempt to recommend future policy agenda. Modernization theory focuses specifically on a type of modernization thought to. Dependency theory is alive in different guises 86 matias vernengo 12. Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Modernization and dependency theory tutorial sophia learning.
The frankian model of dependency dependency theory. Modernization and dependency theory essay example graduateway. Modernization theory v dependency theory flashcards quizlet. This theory involves the globalization well talk about the pros and cons of globalization later, where concept and technologies, as well as the ideas and social mores are easily spread around the globe, causing a global culture that functions as a. This bibliography was generated on cite this for me on monday, april 24, 2017. Apr 17, 20 modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that. Modernization and dependency theories flashcards quizlet. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one gen. In this sense, the dependency theory can be viewed as a reaction to modernization theory.
Nowadays, the modernization theory studies how new innovations and technologies are resulting in a homogenized world. Documents in econstor may be saved and copied for your personal. Modernization and dependency theory essay writing blog. Development, dependency, modernization, social change, gunder frank, the third world, developing countries, capitalism, imperialism, worldsystems. A common term used in the news and social media today is the developing world. Nov 01, 2016 if i got it right, these two are not exactly contrasting or contradictory. Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies. The marxist theory of imperialism explains dominant state expansion while the dependency theory explains underdevelopment. Modernization and dependency theory nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries of the third world. Dependency theory was created as a way to criticize and respond to modernization theory. Modernization theory and the comparative study of societies.
In this respect, it is possible to refer to modernization theory. Essay on dependency theory vs modernization theory. Nov 12, 2019 dependency theory a new group of theorists challenged the logic and claims of modernization theory, drawing especially on the experience of latin america. According to their point of view these latin american countries should have to go through bourgeois stage of industrial revolution. The structural explanation for global stratification is called dependency theory. The political economy of africa and dependency theory. Modernization theory involves five steps, as stated by one of the most influential american modernization theorist ever, in our course reader, w. But before we go further, we must compare the two in attempt to see if either would compromise our governments mandate. This term is used to indicate countries that are less economically developed than the united.
Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory. The dependency theory claims that this is how underdevelopment was created and is. But dependency theory, then in contrast, comes along about the same time. Modernization and its discontents 1 the crisis in modernization theory 5 towards a sociology of knowledge 11 2. How to compare and contrast the modernization theory and. Not surprisingly, this theorys views sharply challenge modernization theorys assumptions packenham, 1992. For example, modernisation theory sees ldcs as backward societies that need our help to develop, whilst dependency theory sees us as exploiting them for cheap labour and raw materials. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, traditional countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have. Dependency theory and chinese special economic zones in africa 93 honita. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. Basically, modernization theory became the foundation stone of this evolutionary prescription for development. Pdf compare and contrast dependency and modernisation theories. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way p.
Dependency theory wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. These five steps are classifications of societies that show the natural progression they go through to reach modernization. In this regard, it is possible to distinguish the modernization and dependency theories. First of all, it should be said that dependency theory was developed in response to modernization theory out of sheer criticism of the latter theory by the supporters of dependency theory. Modernization or dependency 72 95 modernization theory and underdevelopment dependency theory and underdevelopment dependency in a specific historical context. How does the modernization theory and dependency theory. Modernization theory describes the transformative processes of societies from underdevelopment to modern societies. While modernization theorists argue that capitalism is a rewards system and that inequalities have to be tolerated as a result of innovation, dependency theorists argue that capitalism does not develop evenly and is concentrated in core areas and that the development of core countries is linked to the underdevelopment of peripheral countries. Modernization theory vs dependency theory the path to modernization is one never clearly defined. Fostercarter argues that this disguises the similarities that exist between ldcs and the west. I pulled out the below from wiki, to show briefly, what these two essentially say. In such a way, unlike modernization theory, dependency theory does not view the choice in favor of western way of development as the panacea from all problems or as a conscious choice that is really supported by the population and elite of developing countries but such westernization of developing countries is viewed as a violent interference.
In such a way, the dependency theory is externallyoriented, whereas the modernization theory is internallyoriented. In international political economy, there are competing theoretical perspectives regarding the question of global inequalities and the northsouth divide. Nov 23, 2016 in international political economy, there are competing theoretical perspectives regarding the question of global inequalities and the northsouth divide. The dependency theory is an important tool for understanding latin americas relative underdevelopment. Jul 08, 2017 modernization, modernization theory a term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the united states to develop an alternative to the marxist account of social development. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. The dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development alvin y. Stated another way, marxist theories explain the reasons why imperialism occurs, while dependency theories explain the consequences of imperialism. The international dependency theory is a theory of development economics which states that economic relations between wealthy and poor nations are strictly detrimental to the lessdeveloped nations. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.
It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the world system. The development of countries is vulnerable to the impact of multiple factors. Modernization theory stresses not only the process of change but also the responses to that change. One of these competing theoretical perspectives is dependency theory, which emerged in the 1950s in response to modernization theory matunhu 2011, p. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. Dependency theory has been criticised because it overemphasised the barriers for development in developing countries. Dependency theory a new group of theorists challenged the logic and claims of modernization theory, drawing especially on the. Both have their own sets of costs and benefits as well as they do policy approaches.
Modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Modernization theory the third world countries have experienced massive variation in the economic development since after the end of second world war. The basic assumption of this phase was that people could change. Conversations on dependency theory institute for new economic. By diminishing the level of poverty in countries such as haiti, it is possible to make. Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery are constantly exploited by those at the core. Modernization and dependency theory 1563 words 7 pages. Modernization theory economic development human progress leads to greater political participation democracy. Includes bibliographical references pages 5145 and index rereading modernization and dependency theory tradition and gender in modernization theory from modernization theory to the soft state in africa gender and the world bank. Ldc policy modernization theory and dependency theory. If i got it right, these two are not exactly contrasting or contradictory.
The more things change, the more they stay the same 79 ian taylor 11. If they just apply the laws of modernization, the tenets of modernization, they will take off in the economic society. Naturally, this fact determined the principal difference between these theories, but, nevertheless, there are still certain similarities between. These are the sources and citations used to research modernisation vs dependency theory. I dont know when this theory was founded, but from my internet research ive got to know that it was the age of enlightenment when the fundamentals of this concept raised by a few philosophers who started to think about how their society transformed, and how they changed and progressed. Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. Within this tradition of thought, evolutionary theory and twentieth. Modernization theory is the process of transforming from a traditional or underdeveloped society to a modern western societies way of life. Modernization theory explains the processes involved in. How to compare and contrast the modernization theory and the.
It then attempts to determine which theory explains what is going wrong in developing countries. Displaying theories of modernization and dependency powerpoint presentations unit six. Postwarboom ushegemony growththeory, modernization structural functionalism decolonization thirdworld neomarxism dependency nationalism, nam,g77 1980s globalization neoliberalism, structuraladjustment financeand monetarism corporatecapital 1990s riseofasia,big capabilities, humandevelopment emerging developmental economies,bric state. Two conflicting theories have guided social scientists in the 20th century in answering the question. First, the dependency theory is a characterization of the international system as comprising of a dominant and a dependent state, where the dominant states are the industrialized nations belonging to the oecd organization for economic cooperation and development, and the dependent states are the states of latin america, africa, and asia. The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast the modernization and dependency theories. Aug 31, 2015 modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. This was a problem of modernization theory, which has been harshly criticized by dependency theorists, and certainly one could view.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Modernization theory vs dependency theory 1227 words 5 pages. The political economy of africa and dependency theory 67 patrick bond 9. Does worldsystems theory and dependency theory offer answers, or are more nuanced. Modernization theory is a grand theory encompassing many different disciplines as it seeks to explain how society progresses, what variables affect that progress, and how societies can react to that progress. Dependency theory vs modernization theory essay 22 words. Modernization theory both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. In contrast, dependency theory maintains that capitalistic practices have actively. At the same time, the development of different countries has multiple theoretical explanations.
The theory gained support in the 1970s following the dominance of modernization theory in the two decades previous and was largely studied by academics from developing nations, emerging first in latinamerica. Modernization and dependency theories are two attempts to explain the current state of underdevelopment in the world today. When it comes to a solution to the problem, it is right to say that the contexts of countries are different and the solutions for their economic and development problems should be different. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of. The people who follow this are considered dependency theorist. Seeing the state of development or underdevelopment in latin america 1 and africa 2, i argue that dependency is created by a dominant country on these so called underdeveloped countries by creating a. The dependency theory was not solely against the american modernization programs, but it was also echo to the failure of orthodox marxism in latin america. The dependency theory is expanded from the theory of uses and gratification. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, traditional countries can be brought to development in the. Pdf compare and contrast dependency and modernisation. Dependency theory is a kind of developmental theory, which is a major critique of modernisation theory.
Andres gunderfrank fernando henrique cardoso raul prebisch. The theory is not homogeneousnumerous proponents disagreed on several key features. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. Dependency theory and modernization theory dependency theory is a mixture of various theories, including world systems theory, historical structure theory, and neomarxist theory. Modernization theory is also a development theory that emerged before the dependency theory. Dependency theorists sharply critique the modernisation school. In this video, i look at some of the causes of global economic inequality.
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